Stephen Fry´s admission that last year he attempted suicide for the second time, has put bipolar in the headlines. Here are some of the medical facts behind the condition.
Talking on Richard Herring’s Leicester Square Podcast show, Steven Fry revealed that he overdosed on pills and alcohol while on location filming a project last year. He was rushed to hospital and Fry later called the episode a “close call”. The actor has been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder and has spoken publicly about his battle with depression. Already the president of mental health charity Mind, Fry has been praised for his bravery in speaking out about bipolar.
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder is characterised by extreme mood swings that are more severe than the usual ups and downs most people experience. There are four types of the disorder, distinguished by severity and frequency of mood swings.
In the past, bipolar disorder was known as manic depression since the condition involves periods of both mania and depression. These moods may last for weeks and, without medication, people with bipolar disorder may seldom feel as though they are in a ‘normal’ state.
Periods of depression are likely to involve feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt, a lack of energy and an inability to get things done. Depression is often the first diagnosis for people who are later diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
During episodes of mania, a person will be full of energy and exuberance, sometimes feeling highly creative and bursting with ideas. People in a manic period often talk faster, go without much sleep and make impulsive decisions.
Although manic periods may not sound unpleasant, projects begun during these times often remain unfinished, rash decisions may be made and, in extreme cases, periods of psychosis can be experienced, during which people imagine things that are not real.
What causes bipolar disorder?
The precise causes of bipolar disorder are unknown but a chemical imbalance is believed to be at its root. High or low levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine may bring on episodes of mania or depression.
A combination of genetic, environmental and social factors are thought to be involved in the emergence of bipolar. While the disorder does seem to run in families, no single gene has been found to be responsible.
Life events such as the breakdown of a relationship, an abusive relationship or the death of a loved one may act as triggers, as can heightened levels of stress.
How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?
“The problem with diagnosis is that there is no blood test or x-ray that reveals bipolar,” said Bridget O’Connell, Head of Information at Mind. “Doctors will look at personality, ask about moods and try to find a diagnosis that fits. Sometimes people may go through a series of diagnoses before they find the right one. However, with bipolar, the symptoms are usually quite dramatic and will be having a visible impact on people’s lives.”
What is the treatment?
There is no cure for bipolar disorder at present but there are treatments to keep its symptoms under control. Anti-psychotics may be prescribed during manic episodes and mood stabilisers such as lithium and valproic acid are often effective. Antidepressants are sometimes used during depressive periods but there is a danger they could trigger an episode of mania.
Talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are sometimes effective as is management of stress levels.
If left undiagnosed, bipolar can have serious consequences as people may make rash decisions, isolate themselves from friends and family and find it harder and harder to cope.
If you think that you or someone you know might be suffering from bipolar disorder, visit your GP. If necessary, they will refer you to a psychiatrist or mental health worker.
You can get more information here: www.mind.org.uk
Article taken in part from www.msn.co.uk
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All content on this website is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of your own doctor or any other health care professional. Always consult your own GP if you’re in any way concerned about your health.